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Search results 8401 to 8500 out of 30763 for seed protein

Category restricted to ProteinDomain (x)

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Categories

Category: ProteinDomain
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Type Details Score
Protein Domain
IPR021515
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3177
Type: Family
Description: Some members in this family of proteins are annotated as membrane proteins however this cannot be confirmed. Currently there is no known function.
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Protein Domain
IPR021516
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3179
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins has no known function.
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Protein Domain
IPR021517
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3180
Type: Family
Description: Some members in this family of proteins are annotated as membrane proteins however this cannot be confirmed. Currently there is no known function.
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Protein Domain
IPR021518
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3181
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins has no known function.
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Protein Domain
IPR021519
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3182
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins with unknown function appears to be restricted to Proteobacteria.
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Protein Domain
IPR033902
Name: Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 4
Type: Family
Description: Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 4 (PNPLA4), also known as GS2 (gene sequence-2) or iPLA2-eta (calcium-independent phospholipase A2), shows both lipase and transacylation activities [ ]. GS2 lipase is expressed in various tissues, predominantly in muscle and adipocytes tissue. It is also expressed in keratinocytes and shows retinyl ester hydrolase, acylglycerol, TG hydrolase, and PLA2 activity [, , , , ].
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Protein Domain
IPR021583
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3213
Type: Family
Description: The backbone structure of this family of proteins has been determined however the function remains unknown. The protein has an alpha and beta structure with a ferredoxin-like fold [ ].
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Protein Domain
IPR021589
Name: Spindle pole body-associated protein cut12
Type: Domain
Description: This is the central coiled-coil region of cut12 also found in other fungi, barring S. cerevisiae. The full protein has two predicted coiled-coil regions, and one consensus phosphorylation site for p34cdc2 and two for MAP kinase. During fission yeast mitosis, the duplicated spindle pole bodies (SPBs) nucleate microtubule arrays that interdigitate to form the mitotic spindle. Cut12 is localised to the SPB throughout the cell cycle, predominantly around the inner face of the interphase SPB, adjacent to the nucleus [ ]. Cut12 associates with Fin1 and is important in this context for the activity of Plo1 [].
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Protein Domain
IPR021571
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3206
Type: Family
Description: This bacterial family of proteins has no known function.
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Protein Domain
IPR045534
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF6428
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins found in bacteria is functionally uncharacterised. There are two conserved sequence motifs, DCGG and QLW, and conserved cysteine residues at the C terminus.
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Protein Domain
IPR045535
Name: Thoeris protein ThsA, Macro domain
Type: Domain
Description: Thoeris is a bacterial antiphage defense system, which consists of two genes, thsA and thsB, via NAD+ degradation [ , , ]. ThsA has robust NAD+ cleavage activity and and a two-domain architecture containing a N-terminal NAD-binding domain (denoted as sirtuin-like or Macro) and C-terminal SLOG-like domain. In some instances, such as in B. amyloliquefaciens, ThsA has an N-terminal transmembrane domain []. ThsB (also referred to as TIR1 and TIR2) is structurally similar to TIR domain proteins but without enzymatic activity.This entry represents the C-terminal Macro domain of ThsA from B. amyloliquefaciens, which adopts a Rossmann-like fold and binds NAD+ [, , ].
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Protein Domain
IPR021576
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3208
Type: Family
Description: This bacterial family of proteins has no known function.
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Protein Domain
IPR045532
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF6467
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins, found in bacteria and plants, is functionally uncharacterised. They contain the conserved motifs DP and GITG.
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Protein Domain
IPR021577
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3209
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins has no known function.
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Protein Domain
IPR021578
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3211
Type: Family
Description: This entry represents a family of proteins specific to thermoacidophile archaea that includes STK_08120 ( ) from Sulfurisphaera tokodaii. This protein shows three α-helices and a seven-stranded β-sheet. It may function as a carrier of fatty acids in their biosynthesis, metabolism, and/or intracellular transport processes [ ].
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Protein Domain
IPR021579
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3212
Type: Family
Description: Members in this family of proteins are annotated as YfmB however currently no function for this protein is known.
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Protein Domain
IPR045527
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF6470
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This family of proteins is found in bacteria, predominantly in Firmicutes. There is a conserved ID motif.
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Protein Domain
IPR021560
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3021
Type: Family
Description: This is a bacterial family of uncharacterised proteins.
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Protein Domain
IPR021564
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3203
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins with unknown function appears to be restricted to Gammaproteobacteria.
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Protein Domain
IPR045522
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF6474
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This family of proteins is found in bacteria.
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Protein Domain
IPR008592
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF874
Type: Family
Description: This family consists of several hypothetical proteins, mainly from Helicobacter pylori. The function of this family is unknown.
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Protein Domain
IPR045519
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF6476
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This family of proteins is found in bacteria.
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Protein Domain
IPR045516
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF6477
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This family of proteins is found in bacteria.
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Protein Domain
IPR021550
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF2897
Type: Family
Description: This is a bacterial family of uncharacterised proteins.
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Protein Domain
IPR045514
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF6478
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This family of proteins is found in bacteria.
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Protein Domain
IPR021551
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3005
Type: Family
Description: This is a bacterial family of uncharacterised proteins.
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Protein Domain
IPR045512
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF6480
Type: Family
Description: This is a family of bacterial proteins, functionally uncharacterised.
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Protein Domain
IPR021553
Name: Protein of unknwon function DUF3008
Type: Family
Description: This is a bacterial family of uncharacterised proteins.
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Protein Domain
IPR045513
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF6479
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins found in bacteria is functionally uncharacterised.
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Protein Domain
IPR045510
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF6481
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This family of proteins is found in bacteria.
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Protein Domain
IPR021555
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3000
Type: Family
Description: This is a bacterial family of uncharacterised proteins.
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Protein Domain
IPR045511
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF6439
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This family of proteins is found in cyanobacteria.
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Protein Domain
IPR021556
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF2950
Type: Family
Description: This is a bacterial family of uncharacterised proteins.
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Protein Domain
IPR021557
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3016
Type: Family
Description: This is a bacterial family of uncharacterised proteins.
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Protein Domain
IPR021559
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3019
Type: Family
Description: This is a bacterial family of uncharacterised proteins.
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Protein Domain
IPR045589
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF6464
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This family of proteins is found in bacteria.
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Protein Domain
IPR045564
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF5910
Type: Family
Description: This entry corresponds to a group of uncharacterised proteins of unknown function found in fungi. A protein precursor of a peptide from the edible fungi Cordyceps militaris is a member of this group, which induces apoptosis in mammalian cell lines in vitro [ ].
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Protein Domain
IPR033575
Name: DET1- and DDB1-associated protein 1
Type: Family
Description: DDA1 is a core subunit of multiple Cul4-based E3 ligases (CRL4s), involved in ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins, which regulate key developmental and stress responses in eukaryotes [ , ]. In mammals, DDA1 binds to DET1 and DDB1 to form DDD complexes, which recruit specific ubiquitin-conjugating UBE2E enzymes to form DDD-E2 complexes []. The DDD-E2 complex provides a platform for interaction with Cul4A and beta-transducing (also called WD40) repeat proteins. DDA1 is conserved in higher eukaryotes, including Arabidopsis [].
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Protein Domain
IPR021593
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3218
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins with unknown function appears to be restricted to Pseudomonas.
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Protein Domain
IPR045558
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF6317
Type: Family
Description: This entry represents a member of a biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC). This BGC (BGC0001740) is described by MIBiG as an example of the following biosynthetic classes, NRP (non-ribosomal peptide) and polyketide, in particular the phthoxazolin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces avermitilis [ ].
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Protein Domain
IPR021596
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3219
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins with unknown function appears to be restricted to Bacillaceae. Some members in this family of proteins are annotated as YkvR however this cannot be confirmed.
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Protein Domain
IPR021597
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3220
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins with unknown function appears to be restricted to Bordetella.
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Protein Domain
IPR021598
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3221
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins with unknown function appears to be restricted to Bacillus. Some members in this family of proteins are annotated as YobA however this cannot be confirmed. YobA is a protein with unknown function.
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Protein Domain
IPR021599
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3222
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins with unknown function appears to be restricted to Rhodopseudomonas.
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Protein Domain
IPR045596
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF6459
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This family of proteins is found in bacteria.
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Protein Domain
IPR045592
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF6461
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This family of proteins is found in bacteria.
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Protein Domain
IPR045590
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF6463
Type: Family
Description: This family of integral membrane proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This family of proteins is found in bacteria.
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Protein Domain
IPR045591
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF6462
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This family of proteins is found in bacteria, mainly in Firmicutes. Proteins in this family are typically between 62 and 78 amino acids in length. Some of the members are probably transcriptional regulators. This family has overlaps with families in clan CL0123, which suggests that they share the helix-turn-helix motif.
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Protein Domain
IPR021624
Name: Single-strand annealing weakened protein 1
Type: Family
Description: Saw1 is a structure-specific DNA binding protein with high affinity for splayed arm and 3'-flap DNAs [ ]. It is required for single-strand annealing (SSA) DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. It recruits Rad1-Rad10 to SDSA (Synthesis-Dependent Strand Annealing) sites, but departs the repair site in advance of Rad1-Rad10 [].
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Protein Domain
IPR021626
Name: Plasmodium falciparum UIS3 membrane protein
Type: Family
Description: UIS3 is a membrane protein essential for sporozoite development in infected hepatocytes. This family is 130-229 of the Plasmodium falciparum UIS3 protein which is compact and has an all α-helical structure. PfUIS3(130-229) interacts with lipids, phospholipid lysosomes, the human liver fatty acid-binding protein and with the lipid phosphatidylethanolamine. The interaction with liver fatty acid-binding protein provides the parasite with a method to import essential fatty acids/lipids during rapid growth phases of sporozoites [ ].
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Protein Domain
IPR021628
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3234
Type: Family
Description: This bacterial family of proteins has no known function. Some members in this family of proteins are annotated as TTHA0547 however this cannot be confirmed.
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Protein Domain
IPR021610
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3228
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins has no known function.
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Protein Domain
IPR021617
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3231
Type: Family
Description: This bacterial family of proteins has no known function.
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Protein Domain
IPR021618
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3232
Type: Family
Description: This bacterial family of proteins has no known function.
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Protein Domain
IPR021607
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3224
Type: Family
Description: This family of predominantly bacterial proteins has no known function.
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Protein Domain
IPR021608
Name: Melampsora lini avirulence protein AvrL567
Type: Family
Description: AvrL567 is a protein from the fungal pathogen Melampsora lini which induces plant disease resistance in flax plants [ ]. Avirulence proteins trigger the resistance response in plants by interacting with plant disease-resistance proteins []. The protein has a novel β-barrel-like fold [].
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Protein Domain
IPR008639
Name: Gas vesicle protein GvpC, halobacteria
Type: Family
Description: This family consists of Halobacterium gas vesicle protein C sequences which are thought to confer stability to the gas vesicle membranes [ , ].
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Protein Domain
IPR021890
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3501
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria and archaea. Proteins in this family are about 200 amino acids in length. The structure of protein of unknown function (YP_111841.1) from B. pseudomallei has been solved.
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Protein Domain
IPR021893
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3504
Type: Domain
Description: This presumed domain is functionally uncharacterised. This domain is found in eukaryotes. This domain is typically between 156 to 173 amino acids in length.
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Protein Domain
IPR018254
Name: Ribosomal protein L29, conserved site
Type: Conserved_site
Description: Ribosomes are the particles that catalyse mRNA-directed protein synthesis in all organisms. The codons of the mRNA are exposed on the ribosome to allow tRNA binding. This leads to the incorporation of amino acids into the growing polypeptide chain in accordance with the genetic information. Incoming amino acid monomers enter the ribosomal A site in the form of aminoacyl-tRNAs complexed with elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) and GTP. The growing polypeptide chain, situated in the P site as peptidyl-tRNA, is then transferred to aminoacyl-tRNA and the new peptidyl-tRNA, extended by one residue, is translocated to the P site with the aid the elongation factor G (EF-G) and GTP as the deacylated tRNA is released from the ribosome through one or more exit sites [, ]. About 2/3 of the mass of the ribosome consists of RNA and 1/3 of protein. The proteins are named in accordance with the subunit of the ribosome which they belong to - the small (S1 to S31) and the large (L1 to L44). Usually they decorate the rRNA cores of the subunits. Many ribosomal proteins, particularly those of the large subunit, are composed of a globular, surfaced-exposed domain with long finger-like projections that extend into the rRNA core to stabilise its structure. Most of the proteins interact with multiple RNA elements, often from different domains. In the large subunit, about 1/3 of the 23S rRNA nucleotides are at least in van der Waal's contact with protein, and L22 interacts with all six domains of the 23S rRNA. Proteins S4 and S7, which initiate assembly of the 16S rRNA, are located at junctions of five and four RNA helices, respectively. In this way proteins serve to organise and stabilise the rRNA tertiary structure. While the crucial activities of decoding and peptide transfer are RNA based, proteins play an active role in functions that may have evolved to streamline the process of protein synthesis. In addition to their function in the ribosome, many ribosomal proteins have some function 'outside' the ribosome [ , ].Ribosomal protein L29 is one of the proteins from the large ribosomal subunit. L29 belongs to a family of ribosomal proteins of 63 to 138 amino-acid residues which, on the basis of sequence similarities, groups: Red algal L29.Bacterial L29.Mammalian L35Caenorhabditis elegans L35 (ZK652.4).Yeast L35.L29 is located on the surface of the large ribosomal subunit, where it participates in forming a protein ring that surrounds the polypeptide exit channel, providing structural support for the ribosome [ ]. L29 is involved in forming the translocon binding site, along with L19, L22, L23, L24, and L31e. In addition, L29 and L23 form the interaction site for trigger factor (TF) on the ribosomal surface, adjacent to the exit tunnel []. L29 forms numerous interactions with L23 and with the 23S rRNA.
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Protein Domain
IPR021897
Name: Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 206
Type: Family
Description: Proteins in this entry are found in eukaryotes. There are two conserved sequence motifs: GFC and GLL. This family is also known as UPF0704, whose members include FAP206, a protein associated with cilia and flagella. In the ciliate Tetrahymena, the cilium has radial spokes, each of which is a macromolecular complex essential for motility. A triplet of three radial spokes, RS1, RS2, and RS3, is repeated every 96 nm along the doublet microtubule. Each spoke has a distinct base that docks to the doublet and is linked to different inner dynein arms. Knockout of the FAP206 gene results in slow cell motility and the 96-nm repeats lack RS2 and dynein c. FAP206 is probably part of the front prong and docks RS2 and dynein c to the microtubule [].
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Protein Domain
IPR021898
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3509
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are typically between 92 to 110 amino acids in length. This protein has two completely conserved residues (G and R) that may be functionally important.
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Protein Domain
IPR021880
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3489
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are typically between 84 to 211 amino acids in length. This protein has a single completely conserved residue W that may be functionally important.
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Protein Domain
IPR021882
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3491
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are typically between 286 to 3225 amino acids in length. This protein is found associated with . This protein is found associated with .
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Protein Domain
IPR021888
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3499
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are typically between 125 to 163 amino acids in length.
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Protein Domain
IPR021889
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3500
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria and eukaryotes. Proteins in this family are typically between 335 to 438 amino acids in length. This protein has a conserved GHH sequence motif. This protein has two completely conserved G residues that may be functionally important.
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Protein Domain
IPR045839
Name: Mgp-operon protein 3, C-terminal domain
Type: Domain
Description: This entry represents the C-terminal domain of the Mycoplasma genitalium p110 adhesin protein (also known as Mgp-operon protein 3). This domain has a compact Ig fold and is adjacent to the membrane. It contains a bound potassium ion [ ].
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Protein Domain
IPR021871
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3482
Type: Family
Description: This presumed domain is functionally uncharacterised. This domain is found in bacteria and eukaryotes. This domain is typically between 289 to 301 amino acids in length. This domain is found associated with .
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Protein Domain
IPR021872
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3483
Type: Family
Description: This presumed domain is functionally uncharacterised. This domain is found in bacteria. This domain is about 230 amino acids in length. This domain is found associated with .
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Protein Domain
IPR045832
Name: Cell cycle link protein Clink
Type: Family
Description: This entry represents the cell cycle link protein Clink from Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) [ ], which was identified as a suppressor of RNA silencing. It interacts with retinoblastoma-related proteins (pRB) and S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1). Clink contains LxCxE and F-box motifs that mediate the interactions with the respective proteins and the capacity of Clink to bind pRB correlates with its ability to stimulate viral replication. pRB is a key cell cycle regulator, which represses onset and progression into S-phase by interacting with a wide range of cell cycle-related proteins.
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Protein Domain
IPR021873
Name: Cell division protein FtsA, C-terminal
Type: Domain
Description: FtsA is essential for bacterial cell division, and co-localizes to the septal ring with FtsZ. It has been suggested that the interaction of FtsA-FtsZ has arisen through coevolution in different bacterial strains [].This C-terminal domain is found in FtsA from Firmicutes (Gram-positive bacteria). It acts as an intra-molecular switch, triggered by ATP, to promote polymerisation of the whole protein and to attach it to the membrane [ ].
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Protein Domain
IPR021877
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3487
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are typically between 121 to 136 amino acids in length. This protein has a conserved RLN sequence motif.
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Protein Domain
IPR043239
Name: Small integral membrane protein 29
Type: Family
Description: The function of SMIM29 is not clear.
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Protein Domain
IPR045899
Name: Putative RING-H2 finger protein ATL71-like
Type: Family
Description: This entry represents a group RING-type zinc finger-containing proteins found predominantly in plants, including ATL71 and ATL18 from Arabidopsis thaliana. ATL71 is likely to be involved in protein ubiquitination [ ].
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Protein Domain
IPR045887
Name: Kelch repeat F-box protein SAGL1-like
Type: Family
Description: This entry represents the SMALL AND GLOSSY LEAVES1 (SAGL1, At1g55270) Kelch repeat F-box protein and related proteins found in plants [ ]. Members of this family contain Kelch repeats and an F-box domain. In Arabidopsis SAGL1 (At1g55270) is involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis [].
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Protein Domain
IPR018263
Name: Ribosomal protein L32e, conserved site
Type: Conserved_site
Description: Ribosomes are the particles that catalyse mRNA-directed protein synthesis in all organisms. The codons of the mRNA are exposed on the ribosome to allow tRNA binding. This leads to the incorporation of amino acids into the growing polypeptide chain in accordance with the genetic information. Incoming amino acid monomers enter the ribosomal A site in the form of aminoacyl-tRNAs complexed with elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) and GTP. The growing polypeptide chain, situated in the P site as peptidyl-tRNA, is then transferred to aminoacyl-tRNA and the new peptidyl-tRNA, extended by one residue, is translocated to the P site with the aid the elongation factor G (EF-G) and GTP as the deacylated tRNA is released from the ribosome through one or more exit sites [ , ]. About 2/3 of the mass of the ribosome consists of RNA and 1/3 of protein. The proteins are named in accordance with the subunit of the ribosome which they belong to - the small (S1 to S31) and the large (L1 to L44). Usually they decorate the rRNA cores of the subunits. Many ribosomal proteins, particularly those of the large subunit, are composed of a globular, surfaced-exposed domain with long finger-like projections that extend into the rRNA core to stabilise its structure. Most of the proteins interact with multiple RNA elements, often from different domains. In the large subunit, about 1/3 of the 23S rRNA nucleotides are at least in van der Waal's contact with protein, and L22 interacts with all six domains of the 23S rRNA. Proteins S4 and S7, which initiate assembly of the 16S rRNA, are located at junctions of five and four RNA helices, respectively. In this way proteins serve to organise and stabilise the rRNA tertiary structure. While the crucial activities of decoding and peptide transfer are RNA based, proteins play an active role in functions that may have evolved to streamline the process of protein synthesis. In addition to their function in the ribosome, many ribosomal proteins have some function 'outside' the ribosome [ , ].L32 is a protein from the large ribosomal subunit that contains a surface-exposed globular domain and a finger-like projection that extends into the RNA core to stabilize the tertiary structure. L32 does not appear to play a role in forming the A (aminacyl), P (peptidyl) or E (exit) sites of the ribosome, but does interact with 23S rRNA, which has a "kink-turn"secondary structure motif. L32 is overexpressed in human prostate cancer and has been identified as a stably expressed housekeeping gene in macrophages of human chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, L32 has also been suggested to play a role as a transcriptional regulator in the nucleus. Found in archaea and eukaryotes, this protein is known as L32 in eukaryotes and L32e in archaea [ , , , , , , ].
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Protein Domain
IPR006299
Name: Flagellar basal-body rod protein FlgC
Type: Family
Description: FlgC is a 14kDa flagellar basal-body protein that along with FlgBFG composes the rod of bacterial flagellin [ ]. Deletion of flgC results in a significant decrease in Salmonella motility [].
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Protein Domain
IPR018278
Name: Ribosomal protein S21, conserved site
Type: Conserved_site
Description: Ribosomes are the particles that catalyse mRNA-directed protein synthesis in all organisms. The codons of the mRNA are exposed on the ribosome to allow tRNA binding. This leads to the incorporation of amino acids into the growing polypeptide chain in accordance with the genetic information. Incoming amino acid monomers enter the ribosomal A site in the form of aminoacyl-tRNAs complexed with elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) and GTP. The growing polypeptide chain, situated in the P site as peptidyl-tRNA, is then transferred to aminoacyl-tRNA and the new peptidyl-tRNA, extended by one residue, is translocated to the P site with the aid the elongation factor G (EF-G) and GTP as the deacylated tRNA is released from the ribosome through one or more exit sites [ , ]. About 2/3 of the mass of the ribosome consists of RNA and 1/3 of protein. The proteins are named in accordance with the subunit of the ribosome which they belong to - the small (S1 to S31) and the large (L1 to L44). Usually they decorate the rRNA cores of the subunits. Many ribosomal proteins, particularly those of the large subunit, are composed of a globular, surfaced-exposed domain with long finger-like projections that extend into the rRNA core to stabilise its structure. Most of the proteins interact with multiple RNA elements, often from different domains. In the large subunit, about 1/3 of the 23S rRNA nucleotides are at least in van der Waal's contact with protein, and L22 interacts with all six domains of the 23S rRNA. Proteins S4 and S7, which initiate assembly of the 16S rRNA, are located at junctions of five and four RNA helices, respectively. In this way proteins serve to organise and stabilise the rRNA tertiary structure. While the crucial activities of decoding and peptide transfer are RNA based, proteins play an active role in functions that may have evolved to streamline the process of protein synthesis. In addition to their function in the ribosome, many ribosomal proteins have some function 'outside' the ribosome [ , ].Evidence suggests that, in prokaryotes, the peptidyl transferase reaction is performed by the large subunit 23S rRNA, whereasproteins probably have a greater role in eukaryote ribosomes. Most of the proteins lie close to, or on the surface of, the 30S subunit, arrangedperipherally around the rRNA [ ]. The small subunit ribosomal proteins canbe categorised as primary binding proteins, which bind directly and independently to 16S rRNA; secondary binding proteins, which display nospecific affinity for 16S rRNA, but its assembly is contingent upon the presence of one or more primary binding proteins; and tertiary bindingproteins, which require the presence of one or more secondary binding proteins and sometimes other tertiary binding proteins.The small ribosomal subunit protein S21 contains 55-70 amino acid residues, and has only been found in eubacteria to date, though it has been reported that plant chloroplasts and mammalian mitochondria contain ribosomal subunit protein S21. Experimental evidence hasrevealed that S21 is well exposed on the surface of the Escherichia coli ribosome [], and is one of the 'split proteins': these are a discrete groupthat are selectively removed from 30S subunits under low salt conditions and are required for the formation of activated 30S reconstitutionintermediate (RI*) particles.
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Protein Domain
IPR021900
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3512
Type: Family
Description: This presumed domain is functionally uncharacterised. This domain is found in eukaryotes. This domain is typically between 231 to 249 amino acids in length. This domain is found associated with .
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Protein Domain
IPR021902
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3514
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are typically between 368 to 823 amino acids in length.
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Protein Domain
IPR021903
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3515
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are typically between 166 to 214 amino acids in length. This protein has a conserved RCG sequence motif.
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Protein Domain
IPR021904
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3516
Type: Family
Description: This presumed domain is functionally uncharacterised. This domain is found in bacteria. This domain is typically between 460 to 473 amino acids in length. This domain is found associated with , .
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Protein Domain
IPR021907
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3519
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are typically between 117 to 1154 amino acids in length. This protein has a single completely conserved residue Q that may be functionally important.
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Protein Domain
IPR006300
Name: Flagellar basal-body rod protein FlgB
Type: Family
Description: FlgB is a flagellar basal-body protein that along with FlgCFG composes the rod of bacterial flagellin [ ]. Many bacterial species swim actively by means of flagella. The flagella organelle is made of three parts: the basal body, the hook and the filament. The basal body consists of four rings (L,P,S, and M) mounted on a central rod []. In Salmonella typhimurium and related organisms the rod has been shown to consist of four different, yet evolutionary related proteins: in the distal portion of the rod there are about 26 subunits of protein flgG and in the proximal portion there are about six subunits each of proteins flgB, flgC, and flgF. These four proteins contain a highly conserved asparagine-rich domain at their N terminus.
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Protein Domain
IPR021942
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3557
Type: Family
Description: This presumed domain is functionally uncharacterised. This domain is found in eukaryotes. This domain is about 150 amino acids in length.
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Protein Domain
IPR021944
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3560
Type: Family
Description: This presumed domain is functionally uncharacterised. This domain is found in bacteria. This domain is about 120 amino acids in length. This domain has a conserved GHHSE sequence motif.
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Protein Domain
IPR021945
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3562
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are typically between 62 to 84 amino acids in length. This protein has two completely conserved residues (A and Y) that may be functionally important.
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Protein Domain
IPR021946
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3563
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are about 50 amino acids in length. This protein has conserved AYL and DLE sequence motifs.
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Protein Domain
IPR021947
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3564
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are typically between 118 to 142 amino acids in length. This protein has a conserved WSRE sequence motif.
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Protein Domain
IPR021948
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3565
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are typically between 30 to 78 amino acids in length. This protein has two conserved sequence motifs: WVA and CGH.
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Protein Domain
IPR021932
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3545
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are typically between 60 to 77 amino acids in length. This protein has two completely conserved residues (R and L) that may be functionally important.
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Protein Domain
IPR021936
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3549
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are about 340 amino acids in length. This protein has a conserved LDE sequence motif.
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Protein Domain
IPR021937
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3551
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are typically between 79 to 104 amino acids in length. This protein has a single completely conserved residue C that may be functionally important.
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Protein Domain
IPR021938
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3553
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are about 60 amino acids in length. This protein has two conserved sequence motifs: GQVQS and TVNF.
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Protein Domain
IPR021923
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3536
Type: Family
Description: This presumed domain is functionally uncharacterised. This domain is found in bacteria and archaea. This domain is typically between 274 to 285 amino acids in length. This domain is found associated with .
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Protein Domain
IPR021927
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3540
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are typically between 212 to 238 amino acids in length. This protein has a conserved SCL sequence motif.
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Protein Domain
IPR021928
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3541
Type: Family
Description: This presumed domain is functionally uncharacterised. This domain is found in bacteria. This domain is about 230 amino acids in length.
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Protein Domain
IPR021912
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3525
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. This protein is found in viruses. Proteins in this family are about 360 amino acids in length.
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Protein Domain
IPR021913
Name: Protein of unknown function DUF3526
Type: Family
Description: This presumed domain is functionally uncharacterised. This domain is found in bacteria. This domain is typically between 149 to 170 amino acids in length. This domain has a single completely conserved residue P that may be functionally important.
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Protein Domain
IPR021917
Name: Uncharacterised protein family, zinc metallopeptidase-like
Type: Family
Description: This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterised. However, it does contain an HEXXH motif characteristic of metallopeptidases. This protein is found in bacteria and eukaryotes. Proteins in this family are typically between 625 to 773 amino acids in length.
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