Protein Domain : Transcription factor p65, RHD domain, N-terminal IPR030495

Type	Domain
Description	NF-kappaB is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types. It is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappaB is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RelA/p65, RelB, NFKB1/p50, c-Rel and NFKB2/p52 [ ]. Each individual NF-kappaB subunit, and perhaps each dimer, carries out unique functions in regulating transcription. Dimer-specific functions can be conferred by selective protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors, coregulatory proteins, and chromatin proteins [].The prototypical NF-kB complex is a p50/RelA heterodimer. NF-kB is largely sequestered in the cytoplasm through its association with an IkB inhibitor [ ]. Cytoplasmic events culminating in the phosphorylation of IkB-alpha lead to its polyubiquitylation and proteasome-mediated degradation. The liberated NF-kB complex translocates to the nucleus. In the nucleus, site-specific acetylation and phosphorylation of RelA regulates the actions of the NF-kB complex [, ].This entry represents the N-terminal sub-domain of the Rel homology domain (RHD) of Transcription factor p65 (also known as RelA). p65 and p50 is the mostly commonly found heterodimer complex among NF-kappaB homodimers and heterodimers, and is the functional component participating in nuclear transclocation and activation of NF-kappaB [ ]. This complex tightly regulates the expression of a large number of genes, and is involved in processes such as adaptive and innate immunity, stress response, inflammation, cell adhesion, proliferation and apoptosis [, , , ].
Short Name	RelA_RHD_N