Protein Domain : STAT3, SH2 domain IPR035855

Type	Domain
Description	STAT3 is a member of the STAT protein family. STAT3 mediates the expression of a variety of genes in response to cell stimuli, and plays a key role in many cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. STAT3 has been shown to interact with Rho GTPases [ ] Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. STAT3 activation is required for self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) [] and is essential for the differentiation of the TH17 helper T cells []. Mutations in the STAT3 gene result in hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome and human cancers []. This entry represents the SH2 domain of STAT3.STAT proteins have a dual function: signal transduction and activation of transcription. When cytokines are bound to cell surface receptors, the associated Janus kinases (JAKs) are activated, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of the given STAT proteins [ ]. Phosphorylated STATs form dimers, translocate to the nucleus, and bind specific response elements to activate transcription of target genes []. STAT proteins contain an N-terminal domain (NTD), a coiled-coil domain (CCD), a DNA-binding domain (DBD), an α-helical linker domain (LD), an SH2 domain, and a transactivation domain (TAD). The SH2 domain is necessary for receptor association and tyrosine phosphodimer formation. There are seven mammalian STAT family members which have been identified: STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5 (STAT5A and STAT5B), and STAT6 [].
Short Name	STAT3_SH2