Protein Domain : Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein IPR033562

Type	Family
Description	This entry includes patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing proteins 1-5 (PNPLA1-5) from humans and Atgl-1 from Caenorhabditis elegans. They are a group of lipid hydrolases. Atgl-1 may play a role in the response of the organism to starvation, enhancing hydrolysis of triglycerides and providing free fatty acids to other tissues to be oxidized in situations of energy depletion [ , , , , , ]. In humans PNPLA1 has a role in the formation of the epidermal lipid barrier; mutations in this gene are associated with the skin disorder known as ichthyosis [ ]. PNPLA1 acts as an omega-hydroxyceramide transacylase involved in the synthesis of omega-O-acylceramides (esterified omega-hydroxyacyl-sphingosine; EOS), which are extremely hydrophobic lipids involved in skin barrier formation [, ]. It catalyzes the last step of the synthesis of omega-O-acylceramides by transferring linoleic acid from triglycerides to an omega-hydroxyceramid [].Human PNPLA2 catalyses the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis in adipocyte and non-adipocyte lipid droplets [ ]. PNPLA3 has both triacylglycerol lipase and acylglycerol O-acyltransferase activities [].
Short Name	PLPL