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Search results 44301 to 44400 out of 44733 for *

Category restricted to GOTerm (x)

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Categories

Category: GOTerm
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Type Details Score
GO Term
GO:0002562 | somatic diversification of immune receptors via germline recombination within a single locus
Description: The process in which immune receptor genes are diversified through recombination of the germline genetic elements within a single genetic locus.
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GO Term
GO:0002200 | somatic diversification of immune receptors
Description: The somatic process allowing for the production of immune receptors whose specificity is not encoded in the germline genomic sequences.
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GO Term
GO:0030134 | COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle
Description: A vesicle with a coat formed of the COPII coat complex proteins. The COPII coat complex is formed by the Sec23p/Sec24p and the Sec13p/Sec31p heterodimers. COPII-associated vesicles transport proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus (anterograde transport).
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GO Term
GO:0002183 | cytoplasmic translational initiation
Description: The process preceding formation of the peptide bond between the first two amino acids of a protein in the cytoplasm. This includes the formation of a complex of the ribosome, mRNA or circRNA, and an initiation complex that contains the first aminoacyl-tRNA.
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GO Term
GO:0043062 | extracellular structure organization
Description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of structures in the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane, and also covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
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GO Term
GO:0033013 | tetrapyrrole metabolic process
Description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving tetrapyrroles, natural pigments containing four pyrrole rings joined by one-carbon units linking position 2 of one pyrrole ring to position 5 of the next.
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GO Term
GO:0015994 | chlorophyll metabolic process
Description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving chlorophyll, any compound of magnesium complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring and which functions as a photosynthetic pigment.
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GO Term
GO:0035235 | ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway
Description: A series of molecular signals initiated by glutamate binding to a glutamate receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by the movement of ions through a channel in the receptor complex. Ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
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GO Term
GO:0007215 | glutamate receptor signaling pathway
Description: A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of glutamate to a glutamate receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
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GO Term
GO:0098839 | postsynaptic density membrane
Description: The membrane component of the postsynaptic density. This is the region of the postsynaptic membrane in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated.
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GO Term
GO:0050806 | positive regulation of synaptic transmission
Description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a synapse.
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GO Term
GO:0035249 | synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
Description: The vesicular release of glutamate from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glutamate receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
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GO Term
GO:0008333 | endosome to lysosome transport
Description: The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes.
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GO Term
GO:0051966 | regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
Description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.
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GO Term
GO:0072666 | establishment of protein localization to vacuole
Description: The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in a vacuole.
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GO Term
GO:0072665 | protein localization to vacuole
Description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a location in a vacuole.
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GO Term
GO:0061462 | protein localization to lysosome
Description: A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within a lysosome.
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GO Term
GO:0033559 | unsaturated fatty acid metabolic process
Description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving an unsaturated fatty acid, any fatty acid containing one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
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GO Term
GO:0006690 | icosanoid metabolic process
Description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving icosanoids, any of a group of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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GO Term
GO:0046651 | lymphocyte proliferation
Description: The expansion of a lymphocyte population by cell division.
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GO Term
GO:0070851 | growth factor receptor binding
Description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a growth factor receptor.
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GO Term
GO:0051251 | positive regulation of lymphocyte activation
Description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte activation.
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GO Term
GO:1903037 | regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
Description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.
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GO Term
GO:0050870 | positive regulation of T cell activation
Description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation.
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GO Term
GO:1903039 | positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion
Description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion.
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GO Term
GO:0045785 | positive regulation of cell adhesion
Description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
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GO Term
GO:0042102 | positive regulation of T cell proliferation
Description: Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation.
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GO Term
GO:0042098 | T cell proliferation
Description: The expansion of a T cell population by cell division. Follows T cell activation.
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GO Term
GO:0050670 | regulation of lymphocyte proliferation
Description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lymphocyte proliferation.
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GO Term
GO:0070663 | regulation of leukocyte proliferation
Description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of leukocyte proliferation.
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GO Term
GO:0032944 | regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation
Description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mononuclear cell proliferation.
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GO Term
GO:0070661 | leukocyte proliferation
Description: The expansion of a leukocyte population by cell division.
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GO Term
GO:0032943 | mononuclear cell proliferation
Description: The expansion of a mononuclear cell population by cell division. A mononuclear cell is a leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form.
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GO Term
GO:0031594 | neuromuscular junction
Description: The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential.
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GO Term
GO:0005901 | caveola
Description: A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm.
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GO Term
GO:0097194 | execution phase of apoptosis
Description: A stage of the apoptotic process that starts with the controlled breakdown of the cell through the action of effector caspases or other effector molecules (e.g. cathepsins, calpains etc.). Key steps of the execution phase are rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.
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GO Term
GO:0006476 | protein deacetylation
Description: The removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
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GO Term
GO:0098732 | macromolecule deacylation
Description: The removal of an acyl group, any group or radical of the form RCO- where R is an organic group, from a macromolecule.
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GO Term
GO:0030159 | receptor signaling complex adaptor activity
Description: Functions to provide a physical support for the assembly of a multiprotein receptor signaling complex.
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GO Term
GO:1990782 | protein tyrosine kinase binding
Description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein tyrosine kinase.
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GO Term
GO:1905368 | peptidase complex
Description: A protein complex which is capable of peptidase activity.
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GO Term
GO:0071819 | DUBm complex
Description: A protein complex that forms part of SAGA-type complexes SAGA and SLIK, and mediates deubiquitination of histone H2B. In S. cerevisiae, the DUBm consists of the proteins Ubp8p, Sgf11p, Sus1p, and Sgf73p.
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GO Term
GO:0046890 | regulation of lipid biosynthetic process
Description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.
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GO Term
GO:0002115 | store-operated calcium entry
Description: A calcium ion entry mechanism in the plasma membrane activated by the depletion of calcium ion from the internal calcium ion store in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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GO Term
GO:0042100 | B cell proliferation
Description: The expansion of a B cell population by cell division. Follows B cell activation.
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GO Term
GO:0030888 | regulation of B cell proliferation
Description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of B cell proliferation.
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GO Term
GO:0006382 | adenosine to inosine editing
Description: The conversion of an adenosine residue to inosine in an RNA molecule by deamination.
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GO Term
GO:0098632 | cell-cell adhesion mediator activity
Description: The binding by a cell-adhesion protein on the cell surface to an extracellular matrix component, to mediate adhesion of the cell to another cell.
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GO Term
GO:0015820 | leucine transport
Description: The directed movement of leucine, 2-amino-4-methylpentanoic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
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GO Term
GO:0015804 | neutral amino acid transport
Description: The directed movement of neutral amino acids, amino acids with no net charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
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GO Term
GO:0098852 | lytic vacuole membrane
Description: The lipid bilayer surrounding a lytic vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.
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GO Term
GO:0016241 | regulation of macroautophagy
Description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of macroautophagy.
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GO Term
GO:1901096 | regulation of autophagosome maturation
Description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome maturation.
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GO Term
GO:0005984 | disaccharide metabolic process
Description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving any disaccharide, sugars composed of two monosaccharide units.
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GO Term
GO:0031048 | chromatin silencing by small RNA
Description: Repression of transcription by conversion of large regions of DNA into heterochromatin, directed by small RNAs sharing sequence identity to the repressed region.
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GO Term
GO:0070828 | heterochromatin organization
Description: Any process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of the physical structure of eukaryotic heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.
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GO Term
GO:0002718 | regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response
Description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of cytokine production that contributes to an immune response.
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GO Term
GO:0097191 | extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway
Description: A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
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GO Term
GO:0051962 | positive regulation of nervous system development
Description: Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of nervous system development, the origin and formation of nervous tissue.
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GO Term
GO:0006509 | membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis
Description: The proteolytic cleavage of transmembrane proteins and release of their ectodomain (extracellular domain).
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GO Term
GO:0043120 | tumor necrosis factor binding
Description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tumor necrosis factor, a proinflammatory cytokine produced by monocytes and macrophages.
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GO Term
GO:0050728 | negative regulation of inflammatory response
Description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response.
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GO Term
GO:0002456 | T cell mediated immunity
Description: Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a T cell.
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GO Term
GO:0002449 | lymphocyte mediated immunity
Description: Any process involved in the carrying out of an immune response by a lymphocyte.
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GO Term
GO:0033619 | membrane protein proteolysis
Description: The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of its intracellular or ecto-domains.
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GO Term
GO:0002460 | adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains
Description: An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains. Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced by B cells. The first encounter with antigen elicits a primary immune response that is slow and not of great magnitude. T and B cells selected by antigen become activated and undergo clonal expansion. A fraction of antigen-reactive T and B cells become memory cells, whereas others differentiate into effector cells. The memory cells generated during the primary response enable a much faster and stronger secondary immune response upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus.
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GO Term
GO:0010001 | glial cell differentiation
Description: The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell.
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GO Term
GO:0032102 | negative regulation of response to external stimulus
Description: Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus.
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GO Term
GO:0002706 | regulation of lymphocyte mediated immunity
Description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of lymphocyte mediated immunity.
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GO Term
GO:1901215 | negative regulation of neuron death
Description: Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
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GO Term
GO:1901214 | regulation of neuron death
Description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
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GO Term
GO:0070997 | neuron death
Description: The process of cell death in a neuron.
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GO Term
GO:0008630 | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage
Description: A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
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GO Term
GO:0009299 | mRNA transcription
Description: The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.
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GO Term
GO:0010494 | cytoplasmic stress granule
Description: A dense aggregation in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress.
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GO Term
GO:0000346 | transcription export complex
Description: The transcription export (TREX) complex couples transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II to mRNA export. The complex associates with the polymerase and travels with it along the length of the transcribed gene. TREX is composed of the THO transcription elongation complex as well as other proteins that couple THO to mRNA export proteins. The TREX complex is known to be found in a wide range of eukaryotes, including S. cerevisiae and metazoans.
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GO Term
GO:0016469 | proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex
Description: A large protein complex that catalyzes the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by a rotational mechanism, coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane. The complex comprises a membrane sector (F0, V0, or A0) that carries out proton transport and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1, V1, or A1) that catalyzes ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Two major types have been characterized: V-type ATPases couple ATP hydrolysis to the transport of protons across a concentration gradient, whereas F-type ATPases, also known as ATP synthases, normally run in the reverse direction to utilize energy from a proton concentration or electrochemical gradient to synthesize ATP. A third type, A-type ATPases have been found in archaea, and are closely related to eukaryotic V-type ATPases but are reversible.
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GO Term
GO:0050730 | regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation
Description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
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GO Term
GO:2000134 | negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
Description: Any signalling pathway that decreases or inhibits the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
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GO Term
GO:1902806 | regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition
Description: Any signalling pathway that modulates the activity of a cell cycle cyclin-dependent protein kinase to modulate the switch from G1 phase to S phase of the cell cycle.
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GO Term
GO:0044843 | cell cycle G1/S phase transition
Description: The cell cycle process by which a cell in G1 phase commits to S phase.
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GO Term
GO:0006949 | syncytium formation
Description: The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane. Syncytia are normally derived from single cells that fuse or fail to complete cell division.
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GO Term
GO:0140253 | cell-cell fusion
Description: A cellular process in which two or more cells combine together, their plasma membrane fusing, producing a single cell. In some cases, nuclei fuse, producing a polyploid cell, while in other cases, nuclei remain separate, producing a syncytium.
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GO Term
GO:0000768 | syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion
Description: The formation of a syncytium, a mass of cytoplasm containing several nuclei enclosed within a single plasma membrane, by the fusion of the plasma membranes of two or more individual cells.
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GO Term
GO:1905369 | endopeptidase complex
Description: A protein complex which is capable of endopeptidase activity.
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GO Term
GO:0015189 | L-lysine transmembrane transporter activity
Description: Enables the transfer of L-lysine from one side of a membrane to the other. L-lysine is 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid.
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GO Term
GO:0015174 | basic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
Description: Enables the transfer of basic amino acids from one side of a membrane to the other. Basic amino acids have a pH above 7.
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GO Term
GO:0031985 | Golgi cisterna
Description: Any of the thin, flattened membrane-bounded compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.
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GO Term
GO:0048167 | regulation of synaptic plasticity
Description: A process that modulates synaptic plasticity, the ability of synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
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GO Term
GO:0043679 | axon terminus
Description: Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it.
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GO Term
GO:0044306 | neuron projection terminus
Description: The specialized, terminal region of a neuron projection such as an axon or a dendrite.
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GO Term
GO:0043195 | terminal bouton
Description: Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.
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GO Term
GO:0018410 | C-terminal protein amino acid modification
Description: The alteration of the C-terminal amino acid residue in a protein.
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GO Term
GO:0097731 | 9+0 non-motile cilium
Description: A non-motile cilium where the axoneme has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets but no central microtubules (and is therefore called a 9+0 axoneme).
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GO Term
GO:0043068 | positive regulation of programmed cell death
Description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
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GO Term
GO:2001235 | positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
Description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.
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GO Term
GO:0010942 | positive regulation of cell death
Description: Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
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GO Term
GO:0015295 | solute:proton symporter activity
Description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + H+(out) = solute(in) + H+(in).
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GO Term
GO:0048259 | regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis
Description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.
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GO Term
GO:0045740 | positive regulation of DNA replication
Description: Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
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