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Search results 101 to 200 out of 44733 for *

Category restricted to GOTerm (x)

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Categories

Category: GOTerm
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Type Details Score
GO Term
GO:0004553 | hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of any O-glycosyl bond.
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GO Term
GO:0009507 | chloroplast
Description: A chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.
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GO Term
GO:0046422 | violaxanthin de-epoxidase activity
Description: Catalysis of the reaction: violaxanthin + 2 ascorbate = zeaxanthin + 2 dehydroascorbate + 2 H2O; and antheraxanthin + ascorbate = zeaxanthin + dehydroascorbate + H2O.
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GO Term
GO:0000398 | mRNA splicing, via spliceosome
Description: The joining together of exons from one or more primary transcripts of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the excision of intron sequences, via a spliceosomal mechanism, so that mRNA consisting only of the joined exons is produced.
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GO Term
GO:0017069 | snRNA binding
Description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a small nuclear RNA (snRNA).
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GO Term
GO:0006950 | response to stress
Description: Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
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GO Term
GO:0000151 | ubiquitin ligase complex
Description: A protein complex that includes a ubiquitin-protein ligase and enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. The complex also contains other proteins that may confer substrate specificity on the complex.
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GO Term
GO:0000155 | phosphorelay sensor kinase activity
Description: Catalysis of the phosphorylation of a histidine residue in response to detection of an extracellular signal such as a chemical ligand or change in environment, to initiate a change in cell state or activity. The two-component sensor is a histidine kinase that autophosphorylates a histidine residue in its active site. The phosphate is then transferred to an aspartate residue in a downstream response regulator, to trigger a response.
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GO Term
GO:0004674 | protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Description: Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
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GO Term
GO:0006520 | cellular amino acid metabolic process
Description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids, carboxylic acids containing one or more amino groups, as carried out by individual cells.
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GO Term
GO:0016829 | lyase activity
Description: Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.
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GO Term
GO:0030170 | pyridoxal phosphate binding
Description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pyridoxal 5' phosphate, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl4-pyridine carboxaldehyde 5' phosphate, the biologically active form of vitamin B6.
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GO Term
GO:0005779 | integral component of peroxisomal membrane
Description: The component of the peroxisomal membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
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GO Term
GO:0006625 | protein targeting to peroxisome
Description: The process of directing proteins towards the peroxisome, usually using signals contained within the protein.
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GO Term
GO:0008022 | protein C-terminus binding
Description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxyl function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
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GO Term
GO:0018024 | histone-lysine N-methyltransferase activity
Description: Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine. The methylation of peptidyl-lysine in histones forms N6-methyl-L-lysine, N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine and N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine derivatives.
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GO Term
GO:0034968 | histone lysine methylation
Description: The modification of a histone by addition of one or more methyl groups to a lysine residue.
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GO Term
GO:0016757 | transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups
Description: Catalysis of the transfer of a glycosyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
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GO Term
GO:0003774 | motor activity
Description: Catalysis of the generation of force resulting either in movement along a microfilament or microtubule, or in torque resulting in membrane scission, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate.
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GO Term
GO:0016459 | myosin complex
Description: A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes.
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GO Term
GO:0006357 | regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
Description: Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II.
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GO Term
GO:0016592 | mediator complex
Description: A protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The mediator complex is required for activation of transcription of most protein-coding genes, but can also act as a transcriptional corepressor. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.
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GO Term
GO:0005886 | plasma membrane
Description: The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
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GO Term
GO:0009306 | protein secretion
Description: The controlled release of proteins from a cell.
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GO Term
GO:0015031 | protein transport
Description: The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
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GO Term
GO:0003684 | damaged DNA binding
Description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently with damaged DNA.
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GO Term
GO:0006289 | nucleotide-excision repair
Description: A DNA repair process in which a small region of the strand surrounding the damage is removed from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Nucleotide excision repair recognizes a wide range of substrates, including damage caused by UV irradiation (pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) and chemicals (intrastrand cross-links and bulky adducts).
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GO Term
GO:0004751 | ribose-5-phosphate isomerase activity
Description: Catalysis of the reaction: D-ribose 5-phosphate = D-ribulose 5-phosphate.
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GO Term
GO:0009052 | pentose-phosphate shunt, non-oxidative branch
Description: The branch of the pentose-phosphate shunt which does not involve oxidation reactions. It comprises a series of sugar phosphate interconversions, starting with ribulose 5-P and producing fructose 6-P and glyceraldehyde 3-P.
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GO Term
GO:0001522 | pseudouridine synthesis
Description: The intramolecular conversion of uridine to pseudouridine within an RNA molecule. This posttranscriptional base modification occurs in tRNA, rRNA, and snRNAs.
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GO Term
GO:0009451 | RNA modification
Description: The covalent alteration of one or more nucleotides within an RNA molecule to produce an RNA molecule with a sequence that differs from that coded genetically.
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GO Term
GO:0009982 | pseudouridine synthase activity
Description: Catalysis of the reaction: RNA uridine = RNA pseudouridine. Conversion of uridine in an RNA molecule to pseudouridine by rotation of the C1'-N-1 glycosidic bond of uridine in RNA to a C1'-C5.
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GO Term
GO:0006412 | translation
Description: The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA or circRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA or circRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
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GO Term
GO:0004527 | exonuclease activity
Description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end.
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GO Term
GO:0006535 | cysteine biosynthetic process from serine
Description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cysteine from other compounds, including serine.
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GO Term
GO:0004175 | endopeptidase activity
Description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain.
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GO Term
GO:0004298 | threonine-type endopeptidase activity
Description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the hydroxyl group of a threonine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
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GO Term
GO:0005839 | proteasome core complex
Description: A multisubunit barrel shaped endoprotease complex, which is the core of the proteasome complex.
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GO Term
GO:0051603 | proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
Description: The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells.
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GO Term
GO:0009058 | biosynthetic process
Description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones.
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GO Term
GO:0016779 | nucleotidyltransferase activity
Description: Catalysis of the transfer of a nucleotidyl group to a reactant.
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GO Term
GO:0015299 | solute:proton antiporter activity
Description: Enables the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: solute(out) + H+(in) = solute(in) + H+(out).
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GO Term
GO:0004784 | superoxide dismutase activity
Description: Catalysis of the reaction: 2 superoxide + 2 H+ = O2 + hydrogen peroxide.
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GO Term
GO:0006801 | superoxide metabolic process
Description: The chemical reactions and pathways involving superoxide, the superoxide anion O2- (superoxide free radical), or any compound containing this species.
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GO Term
GO:0031177 | phosphopantetheine binding
Description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphopantetheine, the vitamin pantetheine 4'-(dihydrogen phosphate).
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GO Term
GO:0000786 | nucleosome
Description: A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.
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GO Term
GO:0006334 | nucleosome assembly
Description: The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a nucleosome, the beadlike structural units of eukaryotic chromatin composed of histones and DNA.
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GO Term
GO:0046982 | protein heterodimerization activity
Description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
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GO Term
GO:0005215 | transporter activity
Description: Enables the directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells.
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GO Term
GO:0006810 | transport
Description: The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein.
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GO Term
GO:0022857 | transmembrane transporter activity
Description: Enables the transfer of a substance, usually a specific substance or a group of related substances, from one side of a membrane to the other.
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GO Term
GO:0004363 | glutathione synthase activity
Description: Catalysis of the reaction: L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteine + ATP + glycine = ADP + glutathione + 2 H(+) + phosphate.
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GO Term
GO:0006750 | glutathione biosynthetic process
Description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glutathione, the tripeptide glutamylcysteinylglycine, which acts as a coenzyme for some enzymes and as an antioxidant in the protection of sulfhydryl groups in enzymes and other proteins.
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GO Term
GO:0016874 | ligase activity
Description: Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate.
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GO Term
GO:0003777 | microtubule motor activity
Description: Catalysis of movement along a microtubule, coupled to the hydrolysis of a nucleoside triphosphate (usually ATP).
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GO Term
GO:0005871 | kinesin complex
Description: Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily, a group of related proteins that contain an extended region of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil in the main chain that likely produces dimerization. The native complexes of several kinesin family members have also been shown to contain additional peptides, often designated light chains as all of the noncatalytic subunits that are currently known are smaller than the chain that contains the motor unit. Kinesin complexes generally possess a force-generating enzymatic activity, or motor, which converts the free energy of the gamma phosphate bond of ATP into mechanical work.
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GO Term
GO:0007018 | microtubule-based movement
Description: A microtubule-based process that results in the movement of organelles, other microtubules, or other cellular components. Examples include motor-driven movement along microtubules and movement driven by polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules.
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GO Term
GO:0008017 | microtubule binding
Description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently with microtubules, filaments composed of tubulin monomers.
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GO Term
GO:0016597 | amino acid binding
Description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an amino acid, organic acids containing one or more amino substituents.
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GO Term
GO:0030001 | metal ion transport
Description: The directed movement of metal ions, any metal ion with an electric charge, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
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GO Term
GO:0005787 | signal peptidase complex
Description: A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and cleaves the signal sequence from precursor proteins following their transport out of the cytoplasmic space.
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GO Term
GO:0006465 | signal peptide processing
Description: The proteolytic removal of a signal peptide from a protein during or after transport to a specific location in the cell.
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GO Term
GO:0008233 | peptidase activity
Description: Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid.
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GO Term
GO:0016602 | CCAAT-binding factor complex
Description: A heteromeric transcription factor complex that binds to the CCAAT-box upstream of promoters; functions as both an activator and a repressor, depending on its interacting cofactors. Typically trimeric consisting of NFYA, NFYB and NFYC subunits. In Saccharomyces, it activates the transcription of genes in response to growth in a nonfermentable carbon source and consists of four known subunits: HAP2, HAP3, HAP4 and HAP5.
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GO Term
GO:0004496 | mevalonate kinase activity
Description: Catalysis of the reaction: (R)-mevalonate + ATP = (R)-5-phosphomevalonate + ADP + 2 H(+).
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GO Term
GO:0008299 | isoprenoid biosynthetic process
Description: The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any isoprenoid compound, isoprene (2-methylbuta-1,3-diene) or compounds containing or derived from linked isoprene (3-methyl-2-butenylene) residues.
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GO Term
GO:0016491 | oxidoreductase activity
Description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
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GO Term
GO:0003887 | DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity
Description: Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1); the synthesis of DNA from deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates in the presence of a DNA template and a 3'hydroxyl group.
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GO Term
GO:0006260 | DNA replication
Description: The cellular metabolic process in which a cell duplicates one or more molecules of DNA. DNA replication begins when specific sequences, known as origins of replication, are recognized and bound by initiation proteins, and ends when the original DNA molecule has been completely duplicated and the copies topologically separated. The unit of replication usually corresponds to the genome of the cell, an organelle, or a virus. The template for replication can either be an existing DNA molecule or RNA.
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GO Term
GO:0006139 | nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process
Description: Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids.
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GO Term
GO:0007049 | cell cycle
Description: The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
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GO Term
GO:0017053 | transcriptional repressor complex
Description: A protein complex that possesses activity that prevents or downregulates transcription.
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GO Term
GO:0030554 | adenyl nucleotide binding
Description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently with adenyl nucleotides, any compound consisting of adenosine esterified with (ortho)phosphate.
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GO Term
GO:0000062 | fatty-acyl-CoA binding
Description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently with acyl-CoA, any derivative of coenzyme A in which the sulfhydryl group is in thiolester linkage with a fatty acyl group.
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GO Term
GO:0004601 | peroxidase activity
Description: Catalysis of the reaction: donor + hydrogen peroxide = oxidized donor + 2 H2O.
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GO Term
GO:0050664 | oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, oxygen as acceptor
Description: Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which NADH or NADPH acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and reduces an oxygen molecule.
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GO Term
GO:0000075 | cell cycle checkpoint
Description: A cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression by monitoring the integrity of specific cell cycle events. A cell cycle checkpoint begins with detection of deficiencies or defects and ends with signal transduction.
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GO Term
GO:0000077 | DNA damage checkpoint
Description: A cell cycle checkpoint that regulates progression through the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. A DNA damage checkpoint may blocks cell cycle progression (in G1, G2 or metaphase) or slow the rate at which S phase proceeds.
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GO Term
GO:0006281 | DNA repair
Description: The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
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GO Term
GO:0030896 | checkpoint clamp complex
Description: Conserved heterotrimeric complex of PCNA-like proteins that is loaded onto DNA at sites of DNA damage.
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GO Term
GO:0016746 | transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
Description: Catalysis of the transfer of an acyl group from one compound (donor) to another (acceptor).
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GO Term
GO:0003779 | actin binding
Description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.
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GO Term
GO:0008290 | F-actin capping protein complex
Description: A heterodimer consisting of alpha and beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, thereby regulating the polymerization of actin monomers but not severing actin filaments.
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GO Term
GO:0030036 | actin cytoskeleton organization
Description: A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
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GO Term
GO:0071203 | WASH complex
Description: A protein complex that localizes at the surface of endosomes, where it recruits and activates the Arp2/3 complex to induce actin polymerization. In human, the WASH complex is composed of F-actin-capping protein subunits alpha and beta, WASH1, FAM21, KIAA1033, KIAA0196 and CCDC53.
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GO Term
GO:0005730 | nucleolus
Description: A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
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GO Term
GO:0042254 | ribosome biogenesis
Description: A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits; includes transport to the sites of protein synthesis.
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GO Term
GO:0004857 | enzyme inhibitor activity
Description: Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
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GO Term
GO:0005618 | cell wall
Description: The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, most prokaryotic cells and some protozoan parasites, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan; in protozoan parasites such as Giardia species, it's made of carbohydrates and proteins.
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GO Term
GO:0030599 | pectinesterase activity
Description: Catalysis of the reaction: pectin + n H2O = n methanol + pectate.
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GO Term
GO:0042545 | cell wall modification
Description: The series of events leading to chemical and structural alterations of an existing cell wall that can result in loosening, increased extensibility or disassembly.
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GO Term
GO:0004812 | aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity
Description: Catalysis of the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA from ATP, amino acid, and tRNA with the release of diphosphate and AMP.
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GO Term
GO:0004814 | arginine-tRNA ligase activity
Description: Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + L-arginine + tRNA(Arg) = AMP + diphosphate + L-arginyl-tRNA(Arg).
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GO Term
GO:0006418 | tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation
Description: The synthesis of aminoacyl tRNA by the formation of an ester bond between the 3'-hydroxyl group of the most 3' adenosine of the tRNA and the alpha carboxylic acid group of an amino acid, to be used in ribosome-mediated polypeptide synthesis.
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GO Term
GO:0006420 | arginyl-tRNA aminoacylation
Description: The process of coupling arginine to arginyl-tRNA, catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA synthetase. The arginyl-tRNA synthetase is a class-I synthetase. The activated amino acid is transferred to the 2'-OH group of an alanine accetping tRNA. The 2'-O-aminoacyl-tRNA will ultimately migrate to the 3' position via transesterification.
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GO Term
GO:0006606 | protein import into nucleus
Description: The directed movement of a protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
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GO Term
GO:0006886 | intracellular protein transport
Description: The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.
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GO Term
GO:0007264 | small GTPase mediated signal transduction
Description: Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals.
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GO Term
GO:0050660 | flavin adenine dinucleotide binding
Description: Interacting selectively and non-covalently with FAD, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in either the oxidized form, FAD, or the reduced form, FADH2.
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GO Term
GO:0030410 | nicotianamine synthase activity
Description: Catalysis of the reaction: 3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine(1+) = 3 S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine + 3 H(+) + nicotianamine.
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The Legume Information System (LIS) is a research project of the USDA-ARS:Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research in Ames, IA.
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