Search our database by keyword

- or -

Examples

  • Search this entire website. Enter identifiers, names or keywords for genes, pathways, authors, ontology terms, etc. (e.g. eve, embryo, zen, allele)
  • Use OR to search for either of two terms (e.g. fly OR drosophila) or quotation marks to search for phrases (e.g. "dna binding").
  • Boolean search syntax is supported: e.g. dros* for partial matches or fly AND NOT embryo to exclude a term

Search results 3401 to 3500 out of 202262 for *

Category restricted to OntologyTerm (x)

<< First    < Previous  |  Next >    Last >>
0.039s

Categories

Category: OntologyTerm
« show all
Type Details Score
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF12755 | Vacuolar 14 Fab1-binding region
Description: Vac14 is a scaffold for the Fab1 kinase complex, a complex that allows for the dynamic interconversion of PI3P and PI(3,5)P2p (phosphoinositide phosphate (PIP) lipids, that are generated transiently on the cytoplasmic face of selected intracellular membranes). This interconversion is regulated by at least five proteins in yeast: the lipid kinase Fab1p, lipid phosphatase Fig4p, the Fab1p activator Vac7p, the Fab1p inhibitor Atg18p, and Vac14p, a protein required for the activity of both Fab1p and Fig4p. This domain appears to be the one responsible for binding to Fab1. The full length Vac14 in yeasts is likely to be a protein carrying a succession of HEAT repeats, most of which have now degenerated. This regulatory system is crucial for the proper functioning of the mammalian nervous system.
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF02637 | GatB domain
Description: This domain is found in GatB. It is about 140 amino acid residues long. This domain is found at the C terminus of GatB Swiss:O30509 which transamidates Glu-tRNA to Gln-tRNA.
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR10350 | NUCLEAR PORE COMPLEX PROTEIN NUP155
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR10350:SF6 | NUCLEAR PORE COMPLEX PROTEIN NUP155
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF03177 | Non-repetitive/WGA-negative nucleoporin C-terminal
Description: This is the C-termainl half of a family of nucleoporin proteins. Nucleoporins are the main components of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells, and mediate bidirectional nucleocytoplasmic transport, especially of mRNA and proteins. Two nucleoporin classes are known: one is characterised by the FG repeat Pfam:PF03093; the other is represented by this family, and lacks any repeats. RNA undergoing nuclear export first encounters the basket of the nuclear pore and many nucleoporins are accessible on the basket side of the pore [2].
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF08801 | Nup133 N terminal like
Description: Nup133 is a nucleoporin that is crucial for nuclear pore complex (NPC) biogenesis. The N terminal forms a seven-bladed beta propeller structure [1]. This family now contains other sized nucleoporins, including Nup155, Nup8, Nuo132, Nup15 and Nup170.
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR13068 | CGI-12 PROTEIN-RELATED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF02536 | mTERF
Description: This family contains one sequence of known function Human mitochondrial transcription termination factor (mTERF) the rest of the family consists of hypothetical proteins none of which have any functional information. mTERF is a multizipper protein possessing three putative leucine zippers one of which is bipartite. The protein binds DNA as a monomer [1]. The leucine zippers are not implicated in a dimerisation role as in other leucine zippers [1].
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF07646 | Kelch motif
Description: The kelch motif was initially discovered in Kelch (Swiss:Q04652). In this protein there are six copies of the motif. It has been shown that Swiss:Q04652 is related to Galactose Oxidase [1] for which a structure has been solved [2]. The kelch motif forms a beta sheet. Several of these sheets associate to form a beta propeller structure as found in Pfam:PF00064, Pfam:PF00400 and Pfam:PF00415.
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR21431 | PREFOLDIN SUBUNIT 6
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF06331 | Transcription factor TFIIH complex subunit Tfb5
Description: This family is a component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH. TFB5 has been shown to be required for efficient recruitment of TFIIH to a promoter [3].
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR11659 | GLUTAMYL-TRNA GLN AMIDOTRANSFERASE SUBUNIT B MITOCHONDRIAL AND PROKARYOTIC PET112-RELATED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF02934 | GatB/GatE catalytic domain
Description: This domain is found in the GatB and GatE proteins [1].
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR24015:SF75 | PPR REPEAT DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR31851 | FE(2+)/MN(2+) TRANSPORTER PCL1
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR10174 | ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL TRANSFER PROTEIN-RELATED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF01118 | Semialdehyde dehydrogenase, NAD binding domain
Description: This Pfam entry contains the following members: N-acetyl-glutamine semialdehyde dehydrogenase (AgrC) Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF02774 | Semialdehyde dehydrogenase, dimerisation domain
Description: This Pfam entry contains the following members: N-acetyl-glutamine semialdehyde dehydrogenase (AgrC) Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase.
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR13056 | UNCHARACTERIZED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR13056:SF0 | VACUOLAR FUSION PROTEIN CCZ1 HOMOLOG-RELATED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR10802 | MITOCHONDRIAL IMPORT RECEPTOR SUBUNIT TOM40
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR21597 | THO2 PROTEIN
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF11262 | Transcription factor/nuclear export subunit protein 2
Description: THO and TREX form a eukaryotic complex which functions in messenger ribonucleoprotein metabolism and plays a role in preventing the transcription-associated genetic instability [1,2]. Tho2, along with four other subunits forms THO [2]
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR21597:SF0 | THO COMPLEX SUBUNIT 2
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF11732 | Transcription- and export-related complex subunit
Description: The THO/TREX complex is the transcription- and export-related complex associated with spliceosomes that preferentially deal with spliced mRNAs as opposed to unspliced mRNAs. Thoc2 plays a role in RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II)-dependent transcription and is required for the stability of DNA repeats [1]. In humans, the TRE complex is comprised of the exon-junction-associated proteins Aly/REF and UAP56 together with the THO proteins THOC1 (hHpr1/p84), Thoc2 (hRlr1), THOC3 (hTex1), THOC5 (fSAP79), THOC6 (fSAP35), and THOC7 (fSAP24). Although much evidence indicates that the function of the TREX complex as an adaptor between the mRNA and components of the export machinery is conserved among eukaryotes, in Drosophila the majority of mRNAs can be exported from the nucleus independently of the THO complex [2].
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR10943 | 26S PROTEASOME NON-ATPASE REGULATORY SUBUNIT
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR10943:SF2 | 26S PROTEASOME NON-ATPASE REGULATORY SUBUNIT 1
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF01851 | Proteasome/cyclosome repeat
Description: NULL
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR23215 | ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 207
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR23215:SF0 | BUB3-INTERACTING AND GLEBS MOTIF-CONTAINING PROTEIN ZNF207
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR22937:SF18 | RING ZINC FINGER PROTEIN, 69105-67310-RELATED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR21015 | UDP-N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE--N-ACETYLMURAMYL-(PENTAPEPTIDE) PYROPHOSPHORYL-UNDECAPRENOL N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE TRANSFERASE 1
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR21015:SF22 | GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF04101 | Glycosyltransferase family 28 C-terminal domain
Description: The glycosyltransferase family 28 includes monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (Swiss:P93115, EC 2.4.1.46) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (Swiss:P74657, EC 2.4.1.-). Structural analysis suggests the C-terminal domain contains the UDP-GlcNAc binding site.
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR24056:SF0 | CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE 7
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR23115:SF36 | TR-TYPE G DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR13713 | SIALYLTRANSFERASE
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF00777 | Glycosyltransferase family 29 (sialyltransferase)
Description: Members of this family belong to glycosyltransferase family 29 [1].
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR13296 | BCAS2 PROTEIN
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR13296:SF0 | PRE-MRNA-SPLICING FACTOR SPF27
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF05700 | Breast carcinoma amplified sequence 2 (BCAS2)
Description: This family consists of several eukaryotic sequences of unknown function. The mammalian members of this family are annotated as breast carcinoma amplified sequence 2 (BCAS2) proteins [1]. BCAS2 is a putative spliceosome associated protein [2].
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF04882 | Peroxin-3
Description: Peroxin-3 is a peroxisomal protein. It is thought to be involve in membrane vesicle assembly prior to the translocation of matrix proteins [1].
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR19868 | RECEPTOR FOR ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE C RACK1
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR19868:SF0 | RECEPTOR OF ACTIVATED PROTEIN C KINASE 1
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR11362 | PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE-BINDING PROTEIN
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR24015:SF57 | SUBFAMILY NOT NAMED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR13815 | GOLGIN-84
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR32251 | 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF06966 | Protein of unknown function (DUF1295)
Description: This family contains a number of bacterial and eukaryotic proteins of unknown function that are approximately 300 residues long.
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR13937 | EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITATION FACTOR 3, SUBUNIT 8 EIF3S8 -RELATED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR13937:SF0 | EUKARYOTIC TRANSLATION INITIATION FACTOR 3 SUBUNIT C-RELATED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF01399 | PCI domain
Description: This domain has also been called the PINT motif (Proteasome, Int-6, Nip-1 and TRIP-15) [1].
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF05470 | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit 8 N-terminus
Description: The largest of the mammalian translation initiation factors, eIF3, consists of at least eight subunits ranging in mass from 35 to 170 kDa. eIF3 binds to the 40 S ribosome in an early step of translation initiation and promotes the binding of methionyl-tRNAi and mRNA [1].
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF14381 | Ethylene-responsive protein kinase Le-CTR1
Description: EDR1 regulates disease resistance and ethylene-induced senescence, and is also involved in stress response signalling and cell death regulation [1].
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR10108:SF163 | PHOSPHOETHANOLAMINE N-METHYLTRANSFERASE 1-RELATED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR14513 | PROTECTION OF TELOMERES 1
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR14513:SF0 | PROTECTION OF TELOMERES PROTEIN 1
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF02765 | Telomeric single stranded DNA binding POT1/CDC13
Description: This domain binds single stranded telomeric DNA and adopts an OB fold [1]. It includes the proteins POT1 and CDC13 which have been shown to regulate telomere length, replication and capping [2-4]. POT1 is one component of the shelterin complex that protects telomere-ends from attack by DNA-repair mechanisms [5,6].
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF11460 | Protein of unknown function (DUF3007)
Description: This is a family of uncharacterised proteins found in bacteria and eukaryotes.
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR15454 | NISCHARIN RELATED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR22904:SF34 | HSC70-INTERACTING PROTEIN
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR31808 | EXPRESSED PROTEIN
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF05542 | Protein of unknown function (DUF760)
Description: This family contains several uncharacterised plant proteins.
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR10161:SF8 | TARTRATE-RESISTANT ACID PHOSPHATASE TYPE 5
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR11614 | PHOSPHOLIPASE-RELATED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR11614:SF20 | ALPHA/BETA-HYDROLASES SUPERFAMILY PROTEIN
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF12146 | Serine aminopeptidase, S33
Description: This domain is found in bacteria and eukaryotes and is approximately 110 amino acids in length. It is found in association with Pfam:PF00561. The majority of the members in this family carry the exopeptidase active-site residues of Ser-122, Asp-239 and His-269 as in UniProtKB:Q7ZWC2.
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR24058 | DUAL SPECIFICITY PROTEIN KINASE
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR24058:SF23 | HYPOTHETICAL SER-THR PROTEIN KINASE-RELATED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR10314:SF6 | D-CYSTEINE DESULFHYDRASE
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR18838 | RHODANESE-LIKE DOMAIN-CONTAINING
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR12864 | RAN BINDING PROTEIN 9-RELATED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF00622 | SPRY domain
Description: SPRY Domain is named from SPla and the RYanodine Receptor and it is found in many eukaryotic proteins with a wide range of functions. It is a protein-interaction module involved in many important signalling pathways like RNA processing, regulation of histone H3 methylation, innate immunity or embryonic development [1,2,3,4]. It can be divided into 11 subfamilies based on amino acid sequence similarity or the presence of additional protein domains. The greater SPRY family is divided into the SPRY/B30.2 (which contains a PRY extension at the N-terminal) and SPRY-only sub-families which are preceded by a subdomain that is structurally similar to the PRY region [2]. SPRY/B30.2 structures revealed a bent beta-sandwich fold comprised of two beta-sheets. Distant homologues are domains in butyrophilin/ marenostrin/pyrin [1].
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR11469 | GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR11469:SF1 | GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF00342 | Phosphoglucose isomerase
Description: Phosphoglucose isomerase catalyses the interconversion of glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate.
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF09334 | tRNA synthetases class I (M)
Description: This family includes methionyl tRNA synthetases.
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR23327 | RING FINGER PROTEIN 127
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR23327:SF0 | ATP-DEPENDENT PROTEASE LA (LON) DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN-RELATED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF10607 | CTLH/CRA C-terminal to LisH motif domain
Description: RanBPM is a scaffolding protein and is important in regulating cellular function in both the immune system and the nervous system. This domain is at the C-terminus of the proteins and is the binding domain for the CRA motif (for CT11-RanBPM), which is comprised of approximately 100 amino acids at the C terminal of RanBPM. It was found to be important for the interaction of RanBPM with fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), but its functional significance has yet to be determined [5]. This region contains CTLH and CRA domains annotated by SMART; however, these may be a single domain, and it is refereed to as a C-terminal to LisH motif [6].
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR31945 | TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SCREAM2-RELATED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR22870:SF87 | REGULATOR OF CHROMOSOME CONDENSATION REPEAT-CONTAINING PROTEIN-RELATED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF07107 | Wound-induced protein WI12
Description: This family consists of several plant wound-induced protein sequences related to WI12 from Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Swiss:Q9XES3). Wounding, methyl jasmonate, and pathogen infection is known to induce local WI12 expression. WI12 expression is also thought to be developmentally controlled in the placenta and developing seeds. WI12 preferentially accumulates in the cell wall and it has been suggested that it plays a role in the reinforcement of cell wall composition after wounding and during plant development [1]. This family seems partly related to the NTF2-like superfamily.
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR30544 | 23S RRNA METHYLTRANSFERASE
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR31009 | S-ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE:CARBOXYL METHYLTRANSFERASE FAMILY PROTEIN
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF03492 | SAM dependent carboxyl methyltransferase
Description: This family of plant methyltransferases contains enzymes that act on a variety of substrates including salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and 7-Methylxanthine. Caffeine is synthesised through sequential three-step methylation of xanthine derivatives at positions 7-N, 3-N, and 1-N. The protein 7-methylxanthine methyltransferase (designated as CaMXMT) catalyses the second step to produce theobromine [1].
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF06963 | Ferroportin1 (FPN1)
Description: This family represents a conserved region approximately 100 residues long within eukaryotic Ferroportin1 (FPN1), a protein that may play a role in iron export from the cell [1]. This family may represent a number of transmembrane regions in Ferroportin1.
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF05050 | Methyltransferase FkbM domain
Description: This family has members from bacteria to human, and appears to be a methyltransferase.
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF07725 | Leucine Rich Repeat
Description: This Pfam entry includes some LRRs that fail to be detected by the Pfam:PF00560 model.
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR11599:SF13 | PROTEASOME SUBUNIT ALPHA TYPE-4
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR11581:SF0 | 40S RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S4-RELATED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF01479 | S4 domain
Description: The S4 domain is a small domain consisting of 60-65 amino acid residues that was detected in the bacterial ribosomal protein S4, eukaryotic ribosomal S9, two families of pseudouridine synthases, a novel family of predicted RNA methylases, a yeast protein containing a pseudouridine synthetase and a deaminase domain, bacterial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases, and a number of uncharacterized, small proteins that may be involved in translation regulation [1]. The S4 domain probably mediates binding to RNA.
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR11730 | AMMONIUM TRANSPORTER
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF00909 | Ammonium Transporter Family
Description: NULL
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF00280 | Potato inhibitor I family
Description: NULL
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
Pfam:PF01661 | Macro domain
Description: The Macro or A1pp domain is a module of about 180 amino acids which can bind ADP-ribose (an NAD metabolite) or related ligands. Binding to ADP-ribose could be either covalent or non-covalent [1]: in certain cases it is believed to bind non-covalently [2]; while in other cases (such as Aprataxin) it appears to bind both non-covalently through a zinc finger motif, and covalently through a separate region of the protein [3]. This domain is found in a number of otherwise unrelated proteins. It is found at the C-terminus of the macro-H2A histone protein 4 and also in the non-structural proteins of several types of ssRNA viruses such as NSP3 from alpha-viruses and coronaviruses. This domain is also found on its own in a family of proteins from bacteria, archaebacteria and eukaryotes. The 3D structure of the SARS-CoV Macro domain has a mixed alpha/beta fold consisting of a central seven-stranded twisted mixed beta sheet sandwiched between two alpha helices on one face, and three on the other. The final alpha-helix, located on the edge of the central beta-sheet, forms the C terminus of the protein [4]. The crystal structure of AF1521 (a Macro domain-only protein from Archaeoglobus fulgidus) has also been reported and compared with other Macro domain containing proteins. Several Macro domain only proteins are shorter than AF1521, and appear to lack either the first strand of the beta-sheet or the C-terminal helix 5. Well conserved residues form a hydrophobic cleft and cluster around the AF1521-ADP-ribose binding site [5].
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR10909:SF122 | ACYL-COENZYME A OXIDASE 4, PEROXISOMAL
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR13544:SF0 | THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE-LIKE SELENOPROTEIN T
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR15245 | SYMPLEKIN-RELATED
 
•
•
•
•
•
Ontology Term
PANTHER:PTHR15245:SF20 | SYMPLEKIN
 
•
•
•
•
•
USDA
InterMine logo
The Legume Information System (LIS) is a research project of the USDA-ARS:Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research in Ames, IA.
LegumeMine || ArachisMine | CicerMine | GlycineMine | LensMine | LupinusMine | PhaseolusMine | VignaMine | MedicagoMine
InterMine © 2002 - 2022 Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United Kingdom