Ontology Term : Pfam:PF04109 Autophagy protein ATG9 EMBL-EBI

Description  In yeast, 15 Apg proteins coordinate the formation of autophagosomes. Autophagy is a bulk degradation process induced by starvation in eukaryotic cells [1,2]. Apg9 plays a direct role in the formation of the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting and autophagic vesicles, and it is the sole transmembrane protein in the autophagosome-forming machinery. It colocalises with Atg2 at the expanding edge of the isolation membrane where Atg2 receives phospholipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Atg9 is a lipid scramblase that translocates phospholipids between outer and inner leaflets of liposomes [2,3]. Phospholipids delivered by Atg2 are translocated from the cytoplasmic to the luminal leaflet by Atg9, driving autophagosomal membrane expansion [3].
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